S P D F Orbitals and Angular Momentum Quantum Numbers

The orbital letters are associated with the angular momentum quantum number, which is assigned an integer value from 0 to 3. The s correlates to 0, p to 1, d to 2, and f to 3. The angular momentum quantum number can be used to give the shapes of the electronic orbitals. What Does S, P, D, F Stand For? The orbital names s, p, d, and f stand for names given to groups of lines originally noted in the spectra of the alkali metals. These line groups are called sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Shapes of Orbitals and Electron Density Patterns The s orbitals are spherical, while p orbitals are polar and oriented in particular directions (x, y, and z). It may be simpler to think of these two letters in terms of orbital shapes (d and f arent described as readily). However, if you look at a cross-section of an orbital, it isnt uniform. For the s orbital, for example, there are shells of higher and lower electron density. The density near the nucleus is very low. Its not zero, however, so there is a small chance of finding an electron within the atomic nucleus. What the Orbital Shape Means The electron configuration of an atom denotes the distribution of electrons among available shells. At any point in time, an electron can be anywhere, but its probably contained somewhere in the volume described by the orbital shape. Electrons can only move between orbitals by absorbing or emitting a packet or quantum of energy. The standard notation lists the subshell symbols, one after another. The number of electrons contained in each subshell is stated explicitly. For example, the electron configuration of beryllium, with an atomic (and electron) number of 4, is 1s22s2 or [He]2s2. The superscript is the number of electrons in the level. For beryllium, there are two electrons in the 1s orbital and 2 electrons in the 2s orbital. The number in front of the energy level indicates relative energy. For example, 1s is lower energy than 2s, which in turn is lower energy than 2p. The number in front of the energy level also indicates its distance from the nucleus. The 1s is closer to the atomic nucleus than 2s. Electron Filling Pattern Electrons fill up energy levels in a predictable manner. The electron filling pattern is: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f s can hold 2 electronsp can hold 6 electronsd can hold 10 electronsf can hold 14 electrons Note that individual orbitals hold a maximum of two electrons. There can be two electrons within an s-orbital, p-orbital, or d-orbital. There are more orbitals within f than d, and so on.

Heroes or Villains - The Taliban - 1464 Words

What is a hero? What is a villain? Although definitions vary within our global society, it is generally accepted that a hero is selfless, humble, and moral and has integrity, while a villain is corrupt or evil, incapable of feeling guilt or compassion and is guilty of committing heinous crimes. However, it should be noted that the labels of ‘hero’ and ‘villain’ are subjective, and that, in the words of Sirius Black (the falsely incriminated godfather of the titular hero of the Harry Potter series) â€Å"†¦ the world isn’t split into good people and [villains]. We’ve all got light and dark inside of us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Yates, 2007) The Taliban are a group who were once perceived as heroes, by those who now label them as ‘villains’. The Taliban, whose name is†¦show more content†¦The U.S Country Report on Human Rights Practises – Afghanistan (2001) detailed the physical requirements demanded by the Taliban, with men being required to have â€Å"a beard extending farther than a first clamped at the base of their chin†. Men were also required to wear their hair short and to wear a head covering. Sharia law was enforced by ‘religious police, who beat offenders with long sticks. Crimes such as theft were punished by amputation of a hand, rape and then public execution by a gun shot or by being stoned to death. Punishments were carried out in front of crowds in Kabul’s former soccer stadium. These bans and brutal punishments were enforced as they were detailed in the Holy Koran, which the Taliban interpreted as the law. According to the Taliban’s interpretation of the Holy Koran, women were inferior in every aspect of life. As a result women and girls were stripped of their rights and were considered possessions. As Sirius Black said in the novel, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, â€Å"†¦ to know what a man’s like, take a good look at how he treats his inferiors, not his equals.† (Rowling, 2000). The Taliban’s treatment of their â€Å"inferiors† shows their indifference towards the helpless innocents of their society, an inability to feel compassion regarded as a villainous trait. Following the conflict with the Soviets and warlords, Afghanistan’s infrastructure andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Documentary To You It s A Reality 1671 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å" To you it’s a film, to them it’s a reality†; the translated poster headline of the award winning observational war documentary Armadillo (Metz, 2010), a captivating film, shadowing a platoon of soldiers as they fought the Taliban in the Helmand province of southern Afghanistan. A controversial and sensitive topic, in which director and filmmaker Janus Metz endeavoured to depict the brutalising effects of war, with a character driven and emotional story embedded through out. With such impact surroundingRead MoreHeroes Throughout History and Popular Culture1873 Words   |  8 Pages Heroes A hero is defined as a person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities (Hero, n.p.). Through the passage of time in history, the perceptions and characteristics of what makes a hero have changed. While some characteristics have remained constant, others have evolved and developed as society has changed. One thing that is certain is that most people have their own individual descriptions and ideas that define a hero. Heroes have high standards to meet. Thousands of peopleRead MoreThe Comic Books And Propaganda1855 Words   |  8 Pagesrestore a sense of nationalism to the populace, and fight the Chinese and North Korean communists that were invading their homeland. Like the Second World War, the comic books of the Korean War were meant to portray the Communists forces as cruel villains. After Korea, the Vietnam War raged on and psychological warfare troops known as Psywarriors spread propaganda to troops on both sides of the war. The South Vietnamese Political Warfar e Department made various comics to keep their soldiers moraleRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesworld have refused to answer questions whether this disease is the swine flu or an Ebola outbreak. Due to lack of cooperation with politicians, rumours formed across the internet and Twitter that the illness was a biological attack by Al Qaeda or the Taliban. Neither group has taken credit for the illness. Scientists who are working towards treatment and a cure for this illness have declined to release any information on their research, but they have denied the rumours that the riots around the worldRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesThey are creating next generation, fuel efficient vehicles, developing sustainable sources of energy, and exploring the farthest reaches of outer space. The impact of project management is most profound in the electronics industry, where the new folk heroes are young professionals whose Herculean efforts lead to the constant flow of new hardware and software products. Project management is not limited to the private sector. Project management is also a vehicle for doing good deeds and solving social

Executing And Controlling And Closing †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Executing And Controlling And Closing? Answer: Introduction The discipline in which initiation, planning, executing and controlling and closing of the work or some or the other new aspects is done with the help of a team is known as project management. Team engagement is one of the most important aspects attached with project management with the effect of which work could be processed in a proper way. In this section of the report, proper information relayed with team work and various other aspects will be provided. The report is based upon Globex Virtual Precision Agriculture and Virtucon Consultancy. Gaining information related with Globex and Virtucon will help in evaluating the most effective path for managing the project. It is necessary that all the team members should work properly on the project and should have a proper knowledge of the importance of effective communication and coordination to manage the project in a proper way. Team management is one of the most important aspects attached with any project, it is necessary that a proper number of people should work on a project. Evaluating the requirement of human resource and working towards to gather all the required people in the project will help in bringing quality to the same (Kumaraswamy, et. al., 2017). Hence, in this section of the report evaluation of all the team members who will work on the project will be evaluated. This will provide a better set of solution and direction so as to manage the project in the way it is required. Team Charter Team Member Skills and Abilities Roles and Responsibilities Operations Team Member 1 A good Leader Ability to solve the issues and problems of the people Innovative thinking skill. Managing work Critical thinking Forecasting the future aspects Leading the team and providing them a set direction to manage the work. Developing a proper plan for all the team members following which they can manage to achieve the set targets. Will have to evaluate a proper and relevant set of innovative ideas which could provide a set direction for the growth. Will have to listen to the issues of every single member working on the team so that clashes could be removed and work could get managed in a proper way. Team member one which is a leader of the team will have to handle all the areas of the project. He will be responsible to manage the team in a proper way and will have to resolve all the issues and availing a set direction for the success of the project initiated (Ginsberg, 2016). Team Member 2 Project management skills. Resolving technical issues Processing the work smoothly Resolving queries Working with patience The team member will have to look after every single aspect related with the technicalities of the project (Cobb, 2012). Will have to resolve technical queries attached with the project. All the technical aspects will be managed by the project manager. It is required that the team member should provide a solution to all the technical queries and should cross check the programming and coding to manage the project in a proper way. Team Member 3 Skills to understand market requirement Analysing current situation of the market. Evaluating project requirements and understanding whether the project will be selected or rejected. Surveying with people. Will have to analyse the present and future requirements of the project. Will have to indulge in various market surveys so as to gather a proper set of information related to the choice and preferences of the people (JIE, 2017). Marketing and sales and distribution department will be managed by the team member 3. It is required that the member should gather an appropriate and relevant set of information related to the market and evaluate the requirement of the project in the current market. Learning Cycle Globex Corp and Virtucon are the organisation s which remains indulged in the practices of creating some or the other new thing. These are the organisations which work towards to provide better and refined technology to manage the work. Globex is the company which remains indulged in creating the new technology which could help in making agricultural processes more effective and environmentally effects. On the other hand, Virtucon is the company which is indulged in the practices of developing some or the other new project which could make the working process more easy and effective (Pigott, Hobbs, 2011). Hence, to manage all the aspects related to project a learning life cycle is developed by these companies. Following this learning lifecycle will help in managing the project in a more appropriate way. (Ajilchi, Kargar, 2015) According to Kolbs, it is necessary that the experience should be gained with each and every activity of the project, and then the information should be shared regarding the learning gained by an individual. After sharing the information it is required that all the processes related with the information should be taken into consideration and generalization should be done. Generalisation will help in eliminating the unnecessary information and selecting the most relevant options to manage the project (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015). After generalization, selected information will be applied to the project with the help of which further processing will be done. This will help in managing project aspects in a more refined and effective way. The meeting will be organized at every level of the project in which all the team members will share related to their learning. This will help in developing proper strategies for the project progress and will provide a set direction to manage the same (Ruble Harris, 2014). Communication Plan # Communication Medium Delivery Date Frequency 1. Communicating with Project Team Meetings 01/09/2017 Daily 2.1. Executive Sponsor Communication PPT 05/09/2017 Weekly 2.2. Communicating with Sponsors Telephonic Conversation 10/09/2017 Weekly 3. Information Circular Letter/ Circular 11/09/2017 Daily 4. Notifying Roles and Responsibilities Meeting 12/09/2017 One Time 5. New Information Sharing Meeting 20/09/2017 According to the requirement 6. Notifying Merit Percentage Email 25/09/2017 Weekly 7. Guiding Individuals Meeting 26/09/2017 Weekly 8. Creating and Distribution of the letters Letter/Mail 27/09/2017 Weekly 9. Taking Feedbacks Meeting 28/09/2017 Weekly 10. Resolving Issues Meeting 30/09/2017 Weekly (Kumaraswamy, et. al., 2017) The above communication plan developed will help all the team members in understanding that when they will have to attend the meeting and when they will get circular or emails related to the information. This will help them in managing the flow of communication and developing a proper set of coordination among each other (Ginsberg, 2016). Availing such type of information in a well in advance form help the team members in managing the flow of communication and remaining informed related with every single aspect of the project. For a project manager, it is important that he should manage the communication system and the flow of information and develop a communication plan will provide a set direction for every single team member (Cobb, 2012). This will help them in remaining informed and processing the work accordingly. Reflection Understanding every single aspect related to project management I can evaluate that managing an Information Technology could become easy of all the things could go according to the plan (JIE, 2017). According to me, team work is one of the most important aspects which should be kept on priority prior to working on any IT project. Working with a team will help in providing better and effective set of the solution at every phase of the project. I have understood that to manage a project one should have leadership qualities (Pigott, Hobbs, 2011). There are many of the phases I which leadership is one of the aspects which required to be applied. It is hard to manage a project if proper leadership practices will not be applied to the same. Leadership styles help in managing the team members in a proper way and help in bringing quality to the project. With the help of this report, I have developed an understanding that planning should be done in a proper plan. Developing a proper set of plans in relation to IT project will help in implementing every single activity in a proper way (Ajilchi, Kargar, 2015). It is required that all the team members should follow the plans in a proper way so that they can attain success in managing the project and could process the work effectively. The report also helped me in understanding that a proper communication plan should be developed for the project management team. The communication plan will help all the team members in remaining informed regarding every single activity of the project. This will help project manager in gathering information related to queries and issues faced by the team members while working on the project and will help in resolving their issues in a proper way (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015). Conclusion It could be concluded that planning is one of the most important aspects attached to the project. It is necessary that project leaders should work towards to manage the flow of information to manage every single activity of the project. Developing a team charter, communication plan and understanding the project lifecycle will help in managing the project in a more appropriate way and will provide a better option for bringing quality to the project. References Ajilchi, B. and Kargar, F.R., (2015). Prediction of job stress among employees through the dimensions of time management skills by managers. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(34), 1. Cengage Lea Schwalbe, K., (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Cobb, A. (2012).Leading project teams. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Ginsberg, N. (2016). Determining the context of an international development project.The Journal Of Developing Areas,50(5), 431-442. JIE, Z. (2017). Exploration and Analysis on Professional Financial Skill Teaching of Applied Undergraduate Accounting Specialty.DEStech Transactions on Economics, Business, and Management, 122-133. Kumaraswamy, M., Mahesh, G., Mahalingam, A., Loganathan, S., Kalidindi, S. (2017). Developing a clients charter and construction project KPIs to direct and drive industry improvements.Built Environment Project And Asset Management,7(3), 253-270. Pigott, D. and Hobbs, V. (2011). Complex knowledge modeling with functional entity relationship diagrams. VINE, 41(2), 192-211. Ruble, W., Harris, D. (2014). To Charter or Not to Charter: Developing a Testable Model of Charter Authorization and Renewal Decisions.Journal Of School Choice,8(3), 362-380.